Difference between revisions of "Japanese writing system"
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* [https://www.babelfish.com babelfish.com] - Translator. | * [https://www.babelfish.com babelfish.com] - Translator. | ||
* [https://kanji.sljfaq.org kanji.sljfaq.org] - Find kanji based on appearance. | * [https://kanji.sljfaq.org kanji.sljfaq.org] - Find kanji based on appearance. | ||
+ | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kanji_by_stroke_count en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kanji_by_stroke_count] - List of kanji by stroke count. | ||
+ | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_j%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_j%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji] - List of joyo kanjia. | ||
==Links== | ==Links== | ||
{{Link|Wikipedia|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_writing_system}} | {{Link|Wikipedia|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_writing_system}} |
Revision as of 16:23, 5 October 2020
The Japanese writing system is a combination of a logographic and syllabary system, and also officially borrows the characters from the Latin alphabet and the Arabic numerals.
Hiragana
a | i | u | e | o | ya | yu | yo | |||||||||||||||||||||
あ | い | う | え | お | ゃ | ゅ | ょ | |||||||||||||||||||||
ka | ki | ku | ke | ko | ga | gi | gu | ge | go | kya | kyu | kyo | gya | gyu | gyo | |||||||||||||
か | き | く | け | こ | が | ぎ | ぐ | げ | ご | きゃ | きゅ | きょ | ぎゃ | ぎゅ | ぎょ | |||||||||||||
sa | shi | su | se | so | za | ji | zu | ze | zo | sha | shu | sho | ja | ju | jo | |||||||||||||
さ | し | す | せ | そ | ざ | じ | ず | ぜ | ぞ | しゃ | しゅ | しょ | じゃ | じゅ | じょ | |||||||||||||
ta | chi | tsu | te | to | da | (ji) | (zu) | de | do | cha | chu | cho | (ja) | (ju) | (jo) | |||||||||||||
た | ち | つ | て | と | だ | ぢ | づ | で | ど | ちゃ | ちゅ | ちょ | ぢゃ | ぢゅ | ぢょ | |||||||||||||
na | ni | nu | ne | no | nya | nyu | nyo | |||||||||||||||||||||
な | に | ぬ | ね | の | にゃ | にゅ | にょ | |||||||||||||||||||||
ha | hi | fu | he | ho | ba | bi | bu | be | bo | pa | pi | pu | pe | po | hya | hyu | hyo | bya | byu | byo | pya | pyu | pyo | |||||
は | ひ | ふ | へ | ほ | ば | び | ぶ | べ | ぼ | ぱ | ぴ | ぷ | ぺ | ぽ | ひゃ | ひゅ | ひょ | びゃ | びゅ | びょ | ぴゃ | ぴゅ | ぴょ | |||||
ma | mi | mu | me | mo | mya | myu | myo | |||||||||||||||||||||
ま | み | む | め | も | みゃ | みゅ | みょ | |||||||||||||||||||||
ya | yu | yo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
や | ゆ | よ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ra | ri | ru | re | ro | rya | ryu | ryo | |||||||||||||||||||||
ら | り | る | れ | ろ | りゃ | りゅ | りょ | |||||||||||||||||||||
wa | |
|
wo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
わ | ゐ | ゑ | を | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ん |
Katakana
a | i | u | e | o | (a) | (i) | (u) | (e) | (o) | ya | yu | yo | ||||||||||||||||
ア | イ | ウ | エ | オ | ァ | ィ | ゥ | ェ | ォ | ャ | ュ | ョ | ||||||||||||||||
ka | ki | ku | ke | ko | ga | gi | gu | ge | go | (ka) | (ke) | kya | kyu | kyo | gya | gyu | gyo | |||||||||||
カ | キ | ク | ケ | コ | ガ | ギ | グ | ゲ | ゴ | ヵ | ヶ | キャ | キュ | キョ | ギャ | ギュ | ギョ | |||||||||||
sa | shi | su | se | so | za | ji | zu | ze | zo | sha | shu | sho | ja | ju | jo | |||||||||||||
サ | シ | ス | セ | ソ | ザ | ジ | ズ | ゼ | ゾ | シャ | シュ | ショ | ジャ | ジュ | ジョ | |||||||||||||
ta | chi | tsu | te | to | da | (ji) | (zu) | de | do | cha | chu | cho | (ja) | (ju) | (jo) | |||||||||||||
タ | チ | ツ | テ | ト | ダ | ヂ | ヅ | デ | ド | チャ | チュ | チョ | ヂャ | ヂュ | ヂョ | |||||||||||||
na | ni | nu | ne | no | nya | nyu | nyo | |||||||||||||||||||||
ナ | ニ | ヌ | ネ | ノ | ニャ | ニュ | ニョ | |||||||||||||||||||||
ha | hi | fu | he | ho | ba | bi | bu | be | bo | pa | pi | pu | pe | po | hya | hyu | hyo | bya | byu | byo | pya | pyu | pyo | |||||
ハ | ヒ | フ | ヘ | ホ | バ | ビ | ブ | ベ | ボ | パ | ピ | プ | ペ | ポ | ヒャ | ヒュ | ヒョ | ビャ | ビュ | ビョ | ピャ | ピュ | ピョ | |||||
ma | mi | mu | me | mo | mya | myu | myo | |||||||||||||||||||||
マ | ミ | ム | メ | モ | ミャ | ミュ | ミョ | |||||||||||||||||||||
ya | yu | yo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ヤ | ユ | ヨ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ra | ri | ru | re | ro | rya | ryu | ryo | |||||||||||||||||||||
ラ | リ | ル | レ | ロ | リャ | リュ | リョ | |||||||||||||||||||||
wa | |
|
wo | va | |
vu | |
vo | ||||||||||||||||||||
ワ | ヰ | ヱ | ヲ | ヷ | ヸ | ヴ | ヹ | ヺ | ||||||||||||||||||||
n | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ン |
Numbers
Modern Japanese usually uses Arabic numerals, but, when writing formally or in kanji, they will use their own number system.
Common Glyph | Formal Glyph | Obsolete | Full Width | Circled | Number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
〇 | 零 | 0 | Zero | ||
一 | 壱 | 壹 | 1 | ① | One |
二 | 弐 | 貳 | 2 | ② | Two |
三 | 参 | 參 | 3 | ③ | Three |
四 | 四 | 肆 | 4 | ④ | Four |
五 | 五 | 伍 | 5 | ⑤ | Five |
六 | 六 | 陸 | 6 | ⑥ | Six |
七 | 七 | 柒, 漆 | 7 | ⑦ | Seven |
八 | 八 | 捌 | 8 | ⑧ | Eight |
九 | 九 | 玖 | 9 | ⑨ | Nine |
十 | 拾 | 拾 | ⑩ | Ten | |
百 | 百 | 佰 | Hundred | ||
千 | 千 | 阡, 仟 | Thousand | ||
万 | 万, 萬 | 萬 | Ten Thousand | ||
億 | 億 | Hundred Million | |||
兆 | 兆 | Trillion | |||
京 | 京 | Ten Quadrillion |
Typographic Symbols
Glyph | System | Explanation |
---|---|---|
っ | Hiragana | Double the length of the following consonant sound. |
ッ | Katakana | Double the length of the following consonant sound. |
ー | Katakana | Double the length of the preceding vowel sound. Can be used in hiragana, but usually just use the appropriate vowel kana. |
々 | Kanji | Iteration mark (duplicate the preceding kanji). Can be used to make the word plural or alter the usage of the preceding word. |
仝 | Kanji | Repetition mark (duplicate two or more preceding kanji). |
ゝ | Hiragana | Iteration mark (duplicate the preceding kana). |
ゞ | Hiragana | Iteration mark (duplicate the preceding kana, and change the consonant). |
〻 | Hiragana | Vertical iteration mark (duplicate the preceding kana). |
ヽ | Katakana | Iteration mark (duplicate the preceding kana). |
ヾ | Katakana | Iteration mark (duplicate the preceding kana, but change the consonant). |
〱 | Kana | Vertical repetition mark (duplicate two or more of the preceding kana). |
〲 | Kana | Vertical repetition mark (duplicate two or more of the preceding kana, and change the consonant). |
〳 | Kana | Top part of the vertical repetition mark (used when it need to be broken). |
〴 | Kana | Top part of the vertical repetition mark which alters the consonant (used when it need to be broken). |
〵 | Kana | Bottom part of both the vertical repetition top marks (used when it need to be broken). |
゛ | Kana | Modifies the consonant sound of the kana it is attached to. |
゜ | Kana | Modifies the consonant sound of the kana to a p sound. |
〃 | Kana | Ditto mark. Similar to English, used to repeat the previous listed item. |
Punctuation
Glyph | System | Explanation |
---|---|---|
。 | All | Full stop, similar to English period, but only used when there are multiple sentences. |
、, , | All | Similar to English comma. |
・ | All | Used to break apart glyphs that would otherwise be confusing together. Also used to show where spaces occur in foreign words. |
Kana | Full space. Used to separate words when writing exclusivly in kana. | |
! | All | Adopted from Western use, used the same as an exclamation point. |
? | All | Adopted from Western use, used the same as a question mark. |
゠ | Katakana | The double hyphen is used to show where hyphens occur in foreign words. |
= | Katakana | The double dash is used to show where dashes occur in foreign words. |
〜 | All | Use to show a span of time or distance, a subtitle (placed at start and end), country of origin (used only at end) |
… | All | Used the same way an ellipses is used in English. |
‥ | All | Two-dot ellipses. |
: | All | Adopted from Western use, used the same as a colon. |
「, 」 | All | Used to show the start and end of a quotation. |
『, 』 | All | Alternate quotes. |
〝, 〟 | All | Alternate quotes. |
(, ) | All | Used in the same way English uses parenthesis. |
〔, 〕 | All | Tortoise shell brackets, used to show inserted notes. |
〘, 〙 | All | Inverted tortoise shell brackets. |
[, ] | All | Used similar to brackets in English. |
〚, 〛 | All | Inverted square brackets. |
{, } | All | Used similar to braces in English. |
⦅, ⦆ | All | Double parenthesis. |
〈, 〉 | All | Alternate brackets. |
《, 》 | All | Double alternate brackets. |
【, 】 | All | Lenticular brackets are used in headings. |
〖, 〗 | All | Inverted lenticular brackets. |
ヶ | All | Used to indicate a period of months. |
•, ◦, ﹅, ﹆ | All | Different forms of a side dot, used to add emphasis. Like italics in English. |
※ | All | Reference mark. Similar to how an asterisk is used in English. |
* | All | Alternate reference mark, adopted from Western usage. |
〽 | All | Indicates the start of vocals in a song. |
〓 | All | Used when the correct glyph cannot be used due to it missing in the font. |
♪, ♫, ♬, ♩ | All | Used to show dialogue that is said in a playful, singsong manner. |
〇〇 | All | Used to censor inappropriate text. |
〒, 〶, 〠 | All | Used to indicate a postal office. |
〄 | All | Compliance with Japanese industrial standards. |
Tools
- translate.google.com/#view=home&op=translate&sl=ja&tl=en - Translate Japanese to English (Google).
- babelfish.com - Translator.
- kanji.sljfaq.org - Find kanji based on appearance.
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_kanji_by_stroke_count - List of kanji by stroke count.
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_j%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji - List of joyo kanjia.