Difference between revisions of "Tanakh"
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| − | + | {{Book | |
| + | | Title = Tanakh | ||
| + | | Image = Tanakh - Hardcover - USA.jpg | ||
| + | | ImageDescription = A modern printing of the Tanakh in Hebrew and English. | ||
| + | | Author = Various | ||
| + | | PublishedYear = | ||
| + | | PublishedMonth = | ||
| + | | PublishedDay = | ||
| + | | Type = {{BookType|Ancient writing}}, {{BookType|Anthology}} | ||
| + | | Genre = {{BookGenre|Creation Myth}}, {{BookGenre|Origin Myth}}, {{BookGenre|Prophetic}}, {{BookGenre|Wisdom}} | ||
| + | | Themes = {{MediaTheme|Religion}} | ||
| + | | AgeGroup = Adult | ||
| + | }} | ||
| − | The '''Tanakh''' is a compilation of [[Judaism|Jewish]] manuscripts. The word "Tanakh" is derived from three main sources used to make the compilation: the [[Torah]], [[Nevi'im]], and [[Ketuvim]]. While the specific books that make up the Tanakh is widely agree upon, as with all ancient manuscripts, there is no one official version of the Tanakh because various Jewish sects use different and conflicting sources for each book. Those Jews who broke from the religion and founded what would eventually become the Christian church refer to the tanakh as their [[old testament]]. | + | The '''Tanakh''' is a compilation of [[Judaism|Jewish]] manuscripts. The word "Tanakh" is derived from three main sources used to make the compilation: the [[Torah]], [[Nevi'im]], and [[Ketuvim]]. While the specific books that make up the Tanakh is widely agree upon, as with all ancient manuscripts, there is no one official version of the Tanakh because various Jewish sects use different and conflicting sources for each book. Those Jews who broke from the religion and founded what would eventually become the Christian church refer to the tanakh as their [[old testament]]. All of the books in the Tanakh are in the public domain. |
| − | + | ==Personal== | |
| + | {{BookStatus | ||
| + | | Own = | ||
| + | | Read = | ||
| + | | Finished = | ||
| + | }} | ||
| − | After leaving Christianity, I started to read more of the books from the Tanakh, and found them to be | + | Growing up as an Evangelical Christian, I was under the impression that the old testament was just a portion of the bible, and I was never clearly taught that it is the Jewish scripture. From what I've learned when talking to other Christians, most of them are equally ignorant about this fact (so I try to explain it to them). While every Christian is encouraged to read the bible (including what they call the "old testament," the churches I attended almost exclusively read from the [[New Testament]], and generally only [[quote mining|quote-mined]] the Jewish books to promote their own personal political and moral agendas. |
| + | |||
| + | After leaving Christianity, I started to read more of the books from the Tanakh, and found most of them to be revolting. They don't just describe genocide, authoritarianism, blind obedience, rape, slavery, theft, and pretty much every other immoral act you can think of, but usually promote the acts. However, after trying to view the Tanakh as literature, and placing the writings in the context of when they were written, I have developed a least a little respect for them, not in the content of their writings, which are horrible, but because they preserve just how barbaric, superstitious, and backward our ancestors were. The Tanakh serves as a cautionary tale at just how bad humans can be, and acts as a benchmark for how far we've come. | ||
==Books== | ==Books== | ||
| − | Jews have never canonized an official order for the books of the Tanakh, but the one below is | + | Jews have never canonized an official order for the books of the Tanakh, but the one below is the most common: |
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 85: | Line 104: | ||
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | ''Hamesh Megillot'' (חמש מגילות) [Five Scrolls] | | colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | ''Hamesh Megillot'' (חמש מגילות) [Five Scrolls] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | Shīr Hashīrīm (שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים) || Song of Songs || [[Song of Solomon]] | + | | Shīr Hashīrīm (שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים) || Song of Songs || [[Song of Songs|Song of Solomon]] |
|- | |- | ||
| Rūth (רוּת) || Ruth || [[Book of Ruth]] | | Rūth (רוּת) || Ruth || [[Book of Ruth]] | ||
| Line 105: | Line 124: | ||
The alternate title is the common American title which is derived from a popular Protestant translation. | The alternate title is the common American title which is derived from a popular Protestant translation. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Apocrypha== | ||
| + | There are many other books written by Jewish authors which have not been canonized into the Jewish bible for various reasons, typically because they were written later than canonized books, were known to be or expected to be forgeries, and/or contained obviously failed prophecies. Some of these are considered canon by certain sects of Judaism or Christianity. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Related to the Torah=== | ||
| + | * [[Apocalypse of Abraham]] | ||
| + | * [[Assumption of Moses]] | ||
| + | * [[Genesis Apocryphon]] | ||
| + | * [[1 Enoch]] | ||
| + | * [[2 Enoch]] | ||
| + | * [[3 Enoch]] | ||
| + | * [[Joseph and Aseneth]] | ||
| + | * [[Book of Jubilees]] | ||
| + | * [[Life of Adam and Eve]] | ||
| + | * [[Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs]] | ||
| + | * [[Testament of Abraham]] | ||
| + | * [[Testament of Qahat]] | ||
| + | * [[Visions of Amram]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Related to the Nevi'im=== | ||
| + | * [[Ascension of Isaiah]] | ||
| + | * [[1 Baruch]] | ||
| + | * [[2 Baruch]] | ||
| + | * [[3 Baruch]] | ||
| + | * [[Book of Gad the Seer]] | ||
| + | * [[Letter of Jeremiah]] | ||
| + | * [[Psalms of Solomon]] | ||
| + | * [[Book of Wisdom]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Related to the Ketuvim=== | ||
| + | * [[Additions to the Book of Esther]] | ||
| + | * [[Additions to Daniel]] | ||
| + | * [[1 Esdras]] | ||
| + | * [[2 Esdras]] | ||
| + | * [[Prayer of Manasseh]] | ||
| + | * [[Psalm 151]] | ||
| + | * [[Psalms 152–155]] | ||
| + | * [[Testament of Job]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Unrelated to the Tanakh=== | ||
| + | * [[Book of Judith]] | ||
| + | * [[Letter of Aristeas]] | ||
| + | * [[Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum]] | ||
| + | * [[1 Maccabees]] | ||
| + | * [[2 Maccabees]] | ||
| + | * [[3 Maccabees]] | ||
| + | * [[4 Maccabees]] | ||
| + | * [[Sibylline Oracles]] | ||
| + | * [[Sirach]] | ||
| + | * [[Book of Tobit]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Additional Writings=== | ||
| + | * [[The Book of Giants]] | ||
| + | * [[Community Rule]] | ||
| + | * [[Damascus Document]] | ||
| + | * [[Qumran Horoscopes]] | ||
| + | * [[4QInstruction]] | ||
| + | * [[The Book of Mysteries]] | ||
| + | * [[New Jerusalem Dead Sea Scroll]] | ||
| + | * [[Qumran Physiognomies]] | ||
| + | * [[Pseudo-Ezekiel]] | ||
| + | * [[The Rule of the Blessing]] | ||
| + | * [[The Rule of the Congregation]] | ||
| + | * [[The Secret of the Way Things Are]] | ||
| + | * [[The Seekers After Smooth Things]] | ||
| + | * [[Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice]] | ||
| + | * [[Songs of the Sage]] | ||
| + | * [[Temple Scroll]] | ||
| + | * [[Thanksgiving Hymns]] | ||
| + | * [[The War of the Messiah]] | ||
| + | * [[War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness]] | ||
==Links== | ==Links== | ||
{{Link|Wikipedia|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_Bible}} | {{Link|Wikipedia|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_Bible}} | ||
{{Link|GoodReads|https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/901111.Tanakh}} | {{Link|GoodReads|https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/901111.Tanakh}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Hebrew_Bible_manuscripts en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Hebrew_Bible_manuscripts] - List of surviving Hebrew Bible manuscripts. | ||
| − | [[Category: | + | [[Category: Public Domain]] |
| − | |||
Latest revision as of 15:21, 12 December 2023
| Tanakh | ||||||||||
|
A modern printing of the Tanakh in Hebrew and English. |
||||||||||
|
The Tanakh is a compilation of Jewish manuscripts. The word "Tanakh" is derived from three main sources used to make the compilation: the Torah, Nevi'im, and Ketuvim. While the specific books that make up the Tanakh is widely agree upon, as with all ancient manuscripts, there is no one official version of the Tanakh because various Jewish sects use different and conflicting sources for each book. Those Jews who broke from the religion and founded what would eventually become the Christian church refer to the tanakh as their old testament. All of the books in the Tanakh are in the public domain.
Contents
Personal
| Own? | No. |
|---|---|
| Read? | No. |
Growing up as an Evangelical Christian, I was under the impression that the old testament was just a portion of the bible, and I was never clearly taught that it is the Jewish scripture. From what I've learned when talking to other Christians, most of them are equally ignorant about this fact (so I try to explain it to them). While every Christian is encouraged to read the bible (including what they call the "old testament," the churches I attended almost exclusively read from the New Testament, and generally only quote-mined the Jewish books to promote their own personal political and moral agendas.
After leaving Christianity, I started to read more of the books from the Tanakh, and found most of them to be revolting. They don't just describe genocide, authoritarianism, blind obedience, rape, slavery, theft, and pretty much every other immoral act you can think of, but usually promote the acts. However, after trying to view the Tanakh as literature, and placing the writings in the context of when they were written, I have developed a least a little respect for them, not in the content of their writings, which are horrible, but because they preserve just how barbaric, superstitious, and backward our ancestors were. The Tanakh serves as a cautionary tale at just how bad humans can be, and acts as a benchmark for how far we've come.
Books
Jews have never canonized an official order for the books of the Tanakh, but the one below is the most common:
| Hebrew Title | English Translation | Alternate Title |
|---|---|---|
| Torah (תּוֹרָה) [Teaching] | ||
| Bereshit (בְּרֵאשִׁית) | In the Beginning | Book of Genesis |
| Shemot (שְׁמֹות) | The Names | Book of Exodus |
| Vayikra (וַיִּקְרָא) | And He Called | Book of Leviticus |
| Bemidbar (בְּמִדְבַּר) | In the Desert | Book of Numbers |
| Devarim (דְּבָרִים) | Things | Book of Deuteronomy |
| Nevi'im (נְבִיאִים) [Prophets] | ||
| Nevi'im Rishonim (נביאים ראשונים) [Former Prophets] | ||
| Yĕhôshúa‘ (יְהוֹשֻעַ) | Joshua | Book of Joshua |
| Shophtim (שֹׁפְטִים) | Judges | Book of Judges |
| Shmû’ēl (שְׁמוּאֵל) | Samuel | Books of Samuel |
| M'lakhim (מְלָכִים) | Judges | Book of Kings |
| Nevi'im Aharonim (נביאים אחרונים) [Later Prophets] | ||
| Yĕsha‘ăyāhû (יְשַׁעְיָהוּ) | Isaiah | Book of Isaiah |
| Yirmyāhû (יִרְמְיָהוּ) | Jeremiah | Book of Jeremiah |
| Yĕkhezqiēl (יְחֶזְקֵאל) | Ezekiel | Book of Ezekiel |
| Trei Asar (תרי עשר) [The Twelve] (Considered one book) | ||
| Hôshēa‘ (הוֹשֵׁעַ) | Hosea | Book of Hosea |
| Yô’ēl (יוֹאֵל) | Joel | Book of Joel |
| ‘Āmôs (עָמוֹס) | Amos | Book of Amos |
| ‘Ōvadhyāh (עֹבַדְיָה) | Obadiah | Book of Obadiah |
| Yônāh (יוֹנָה) | Jonah | Book of Jonah |
| Mîkhāh (מִיכָה) | Micah | Book of Micah |
| Nakḥûm (נַחוּם) | Nahum | Book of Nahum |
| Khăvhakûk (חֲבַקּוּק) | Habakkuk | Book of Habakkuk |
| Tsĕphanyāh (צְפַנְיָה) | Zephaniah | Book of Zephaniah |
| Khaggai (חַגַּי) | Haggai | Book of Haggai |
| Zkharyāh (זְכַרְיָה) | Zechariah | Book of Zechariah |
| Khaggai (חַגַּי) | Haggai | Book of Haggai |
| Mal’ākhî (מַלְאָכִי) | Malachi | Book of Malachi |
| Ketuvim (כְּתוּבִים) [Writings] | ||
| Sifrei Emet (סִפְרֵי אֶמֶת) [Documents of Truth] | ||
| Tehillim (תְהִלִּים) | Psalms | Book of Psalms |
| Mishlei (מִשְׁלֵי) | Proverbs | Book of Proverbs |
| Iyyôbh (אִיּוֹב) | Job | Book of Job |
| Hamesh Megillot (חמש מגילות) [Five Scrolls] | ||
| Shīr Hashīrīm (שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים) | Song of Songs | Song of Solomon |
| Rūth (רוּת) | Ruth | Book of Ruth |
| Eikhah (אֵיכָה) | Lamentations | Book of Lamentations |
| Qōheleth (קֹהֶלֶת) | Ecclesiastes | Book of Ecclesiastes |
| Estēr (אֶסְתֵר) | Esther | Book of Esther |
| Other Books (no official title) | ||
| Dānî'ēl (דָּנִיֵּאל) | Daniel | Book of Daniel |
| ‘Ezrā (עֶזְרָא) | Esther | Book of Ezra and Book of Nehemiah |
| Divrei ha-Yamim (דִּבְרֵי הַיָּמִים) | Chronicles | Books of Chronicles |
The alternate title is the common American title which is derived from a popular Protestant translation.
Apocrypha
There are many other books written by Jewish authors which have not been canonized into the Jewish bible for various reasons, typically because they were written later than canonized books, were known to be or expected to be forgeries, and/or contained obviously failed prophecies. Some of these are considered canon by certain sects of Judaism or Christianity.
Related to the Torah
- Apocalypse of Abraham
- Assumption of Moses
- Genesis Apocryphon
- 1 Enoch
- 2 Enoch
- 3 Enoch
- Joseph and Aseneth
- Book of Jubilees
- Life of Adam and Eve
- Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
- Testament of Abraham
- Testament of Qahat
- Visions of Amram
Related to the Nevi'im
- Ascension of Isaiah
- 1 Baruch
- 2 Baruch
- 3 Baruch
- Book of Gad the Seer
- Letter of Jeremiah
- Psalms of Solomon
- Book of Wisdom
Related to the Ketuvim
- Additions to the Book of Esther
- Additions to Daniel
- 1 Esdras
- 2 Esdras
- Prayer of Manasseh
- Psalm 151
- Psalms 152–155
- Testament of Job
- Book of Judith
- Letter of Aristeas
- Liber Antiquitatum Biblicarum
- 1 Maccabees
- 2 Maccabees
- 3 Maccabees
- 4 Maccabees
- Sibylline Oracles
- Sirach
- Book of Tobit
Additional Writings
- The Book of Giants
- Community Rule
- Damascus Document
- Qumran Horoscopes
- 4QInstruction
- The Book of Mysteries
- New Jerusalem Dead Sea Scroll
- Qumran Physiognomies
- Pseudo-Ezekiel
- The Rule of the Blessing
- The Rule of the Congregation
- The Secret of the Way Things Are
- The Seekers After Smooth Things
- Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice
- Songs of the Sage
- Temple Scroll
- Thanksgiving Hymns
- The War of the Messiah
- War of the Sons of Light Against the Sons of Darkness
Links
- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Hebrew_Bible_manuscripts - List of surviving Hebrew Bible manuscripts.
